Functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, are relatively prevalent illnesses that are linked to very low quality of life and significant healthcare utilization. They are brought on by gastrointestinal (GI) problems, namely alterations in gut sensitivity, motility, microbiota, immunological response, and central nervous system processing. They result in gut-wide chronic symptoms (such as pain, dyspepsia, and altered bowel habits), all of which are aggravated by the patient's unhelpful behaviors, stress, and coexisting mental health conditions. A biopsychosocial approach to management is used, involving adjustments to food and lifestyle, treatment of concurrent psychological comorbidity, and medicines to address underlying pathophysiology. Antispasmodic, neuromodulator, motility agents, and antidepressant medication is an effective forms of treatment. Psychotherapy works just as well with motivated people. Functional Liver ...
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